Learning Complexity to Guide Light-Induced Self-Organized Nanopatterns.

Ultrafast laser irradiation can induce spontaneous self-organization of surfaces into dissipative structures with nanoscale reliefs. These surface patterns emerge from symmetry-breaking dynamical processes that occur in Rayleigh-Bénard-like instabilities. In this study, we demonstrate that the coexistence and competition between surface patterns of different symmetries in two dimensions can be numerically unraveled using the stochastic generalized Swift-Hohenberg model. We originally propose a deep convolutional network to identify and learn the dominant modes that stabilize for a given bifurcation and quadratic model coefficients. The model is scale-invariant and has been calibrated on microscopy measurements using a physics-guided machine learning strategy. Our approach enables the identification of experimental irradiation conditions for a desired self-organization pattern. It can be generally applied to predict structure formation in situations where the underlying physics can be approximately described by a self-organization process and data is sparse and nontime series. Our Letter paves the way for supervised local manipulation of matter using timely controlled optical fields in laser manufacturing.

Poder, norma e ideário na lei da alienação parental / Power, norm and ideology in the law of parental alienation / Poder, norma e ideología en la ley de alienación parental

A recomendação ética do psicólogo para intervir criticamente sobre a demanda vai de encontro com a tarefa de diagnosticar atos de Alienação Parental e, num sentido amplo, com a judicialização das relações privadas. A genealogia de Foucault consiste num método capaz de lançar luz sobre as práticas de poder na base dos discursos relacionados ao tema da alienação parental. O eufemismo pedagógico empregado para designar as sanções da lei tem como finalidade estratégica o convencimento a respeito de supostos benefícios da tutela sobre as famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que lhes são atribuídas alguma patologia disfuncional. Numa perspectiva crítica, a assimetria de gêneros corresponde às relações de poder presentes no problema da alienação parental. Por fim, a inversão dos critérios de identificação da alienação parental revela o distanciamento entre o ideal normativo e a realidade da ruptura conjugal e familiar, apontando para a importância de práticas de cuidado e assistência em vez de judicativas e punitivas.(AU)

The psychologist's ethical recommendation to critically intervene on the demand goes against the task of diagnosing acts of Parental Alienation (AP) and, in a broad sense, with the judicialization of private relations. Foucault's genealogy consists of a method able to shed on the power practices on the basis of discourses related to the theme of Parental Alienation. The pedagogical euphemism used to designate the sanctions of the law has the strategic purpose of convincing about the supposed benefits of guardianship over families, while attributing some dysfunctional pathology to them. From a critical perspective, gender asymmetry corresponds to the power relations present in the Parental Alienation problem. Finally, the inversion of the Parental Alienation's identification criteria reveals the gap between the normative ideal and the reality of marital and family disruption, pointing to the importance of care and assistance practices instead of judicative and punitive ones.(AU)

La recomendación ética del psicólogo de intervenir críticamente sobre la demanda va en contra de la tarea de diagnosticar actos de Alienación Parental (AP) y, en un sentido amplio, con la judicialización de las relaciones privadas. La genealogía de Foucault consiste en un método capaz de arrojar luz sobre las prácticas del poder a partir de discursos relacionados con el tema de la Alienación Parental. El eufemismo pedagógico que se utiliza para designar las sanciones de la ley tiene el propósito estratégico de convencer sobre los supuestos beneficios de la tutela sobre las familias, atribuyéndoles alguna patología disfuncional. Desde una perspectiva crítica, la asimetría de género corresponde a las relaciones de poder presentes en el problema de la Alienación Parental. Finalmente, la inversión de los criterios de identificación de la Alienación Parental revela la brecha entre el ideal normativo y la realidad de la ruptura conyugal y familiar, señalando la importancia de las prácticas de cuidado y asistencia en lugar de las judicativas y punitivas.(AU)

Learning PDE to Model Self-Organization of Matter.

A self-organization hydrodynamic process has recently been proposed to partially explain the formation of femtosecond laser-induced nanopatterns on Nickel, which have important applications in optics, microbiology, medicine, etc. Exploring laser pattern space is difficult, however, which simultaneously (i) motivates using machine learning (ML) to search for novel patterns and (ii) hinders it, because of the few data available from costly and time-consuming experiments. In this paper, we use ML to predict novel patterns by integrating partial physical knowledge in the form of the Swift-Hohenberg (SH) partial differential equation (PDE). To do so, we propose a framework to learn with few data, in the absence of initial conditions, by benefiting from background knowledge in the form of a PDE solver. We show that in the case of a self-organization process, a feature mapping exists in which initial conditions can safely be ignored and patterns can be described in terms of PDE parameters alone, which drastically simplifies the problem. In order to apply this framework, we develop a second-order pseudospectral solver of the SH equation which offers a good compromise between accuracy and speed. Our method allows us to predict new nanopatterns in good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we show that pattern features are related, which imposes constraints on novel pattern design, and suggest an efficient procedure of acquiring experimental data iteratively to improve the generalization of the learned model. It also allows us to identify the limitations of the SH equation as a partial model and suggests an improvement to the physical model itself.

The execution order of the concurrent training and its effects on static and dynamic balance, and muscle strength of elderly people

Abstract Aim: Assess the effect of the performance order in the Concurrent Training (CT), Aerobic-Strength (AS), and Strength-Aerobic (SA), in the static balance, dynamic balance, and muscle strength in elderly people. Methods: The study involved 38 elderly people (men and women) aged 60 to 75 years old, divided into SA (n = 19) and AS (n = 19). Within 12 weeks, the aerobic training consisted of walking with intensity prescribed by the Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (6-20) and the strength training consisted of six exercises, with intensity controlled by Repetition Maximum training zones. Static balance (plantar pressure center area and displacement in bipedal support with eyes closed and open), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go and Tandem Gait), and maximum dynamic strength of knee extension and bench press have been evaluated. For data analysis, Generalized Estimating Equations with Bonferroni's complimentary test have been used (α = 0.05). Results: For static and dynamic balance there hasn't been an effect on the 12 weeks of combined training, regardless of the performance order. Both groups maintained the balance variables within the intervention period. When it comes to strength, there has been a noticeable improvement in lower limbs (SA: 16%; AS: 11%; p < 0,001) and upper (SA: 22.0%; AS: 8.7%; p < 0.001), without any differences between the groups. Conclusion: So there is no difference between the order of performance of the CT in the variables of static and dynamic balance and strength of upper and lower limbs. Furthermore, after training, there have been significant improvements in the variables of strength and maintenance of static and dynamic balance.

Recombinant antigens used as diagnostic tools for lymphatic filariasis.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease caused by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori. It is a tropical and subtropical illness that affects approximately 67 million people worldwide and that still requires better diagnostic tools to prevent its spread and enhance the effectiveness of control procedures. Traditional parasitological tests and diagnostic methods based on whole protein extracts from different worms are known for problems related to sample time collection, sensitivity, and specificity. More recently, new diagnostic tools based on immunological methods using recombinant antigens have been developed. The current review describes the several recombinant antigens used as tools for lymphatic filariasis diagnosis in antigen and antibody capture assays, highlighting their advantages and limitations as well as the main commercial tests developed based on them. The literature chronology is from 1991 to 2021. First, it describes the historical background related to the identification of relevant antigens and the generation of the recombinant polypeptides used for the LF diagnosis, also detailing features specific to each antigen. The subsequent section then discusses the use of those proteins to develop antigen and antibody capture tests to detect LF. So far, studies focusing on antibody capture assays are based on 13 different antigens with at least six commercially available tests, with five proteins further used for the development of antigen capture tests. Five antigens explored in this paper belong to the SXP/RAL-2 family (BmSXP, Bm14, WbSXP-1, Wb14, WbL), and the others are BmShp-1, Bm33, BmR1, BmVAH, WbVAH, BmALT-1, BmALT-2, and Wb123. It is expected that advances in research with these antigens will allow further development of tests combining both sensitivity and specificity with low costs, assisting the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF).

[Evaluation of the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit employing recombinant Wb123 antigen for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in BrazilEvaluación del estuche Detect™ para pruebas de anticuerpos antifiláricos IgG4, fabricado con el antígeno recombinante Wb123, para el diagnóstico de la filariasis linfática en Brasil]. / Avaliação do kit Filaria Detect™ IgG4 produzido com o antígeno recombinante Wb123 para diagnóstico da filariose linfática no Brasil.

The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, launched by the World Health Organization in the year 2000, proposes the use of circulating filarial antigen tests as a diagnostic tool to assess and monitor initiatives to control filarial infection. However, despite a high sensitivity, these tests are not efficient to detect infection at early stages, before worms have reached the adult stage. Considering this limitation, anti-filarial antibody testing has been suggested as an alternative, given that the antibodies produced against the larvae are detectable before the presence of circulating filarial antigen. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic cut-off and the accuracy of the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit employing recombinant Wb123 antigen for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in Brazil. For that, we performed a diagnostic evaluation study in which 256 serum samples were analyzed: 79 (30.9%) obtained from microfilaremic individuals and 177 (60.1%) from amicrofilaremic individuals who tested negative with the Bm14 CELISA and Og4C3 ELISA immunologic tests. The ideal cutoff as well as the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit accuracy were determined based on ROC curve analyses, with an optical density of 0.239 identified as the cutoff with the best performance, with 81.0% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity. The results show that the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit is a promising tool for investigation and monitoring of areas undergoing mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis.

En el programa mundial de eliminación de la filariasis linfática, puesto en marcha por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en el año 2000, se propone el uso de pruebas de detección del antígeno filárico circulante como instrumento de diagnóstico para la evaluación y el seguimiento de las medidas de control de la parasitosis. Sin embargo, esas pruebas, a pesar de tener un alto grado de sensibilidad, no permiten detectar con eficiencia la infección en su fase inicial, cuando todavía no existen helmintos adultos. En vista de esa limitación, se ha señalado como una opción el estudio de anticuerpos antifiláricos, puesto que los anticuerpos producidos contra las larvas infectantes del parásito se detectan antes de la existencia de antígeno filárico circulante. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir el punto de corte y evaluar la exactitud del estuche Detect™ para pruebas de anticuerpos antifiláricos IgG4, fabricado con el antígeno recombinante Wb123, para el diagnóstico de la filariasis linfática en Brasil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la prueba diagnóstica, en el cual se utilizaron 256 muestras de suero, a saber, 79 (30,9%) obtenidas de personas microfilarémicas y 177 (60,1%) de personas amicrofilarémicas, que arrojaron resultados seronegativos en las pruebas inmunológicas CELISA Bm14 y ELISA Og4C3. La definición del punto de corte ideal y de la exactitud del estuche Detect™ se obtuvo con la construcción de curvas de la característica operativa del receptor (ROC); una densidad óptica de 0,239 marcó el mejor nivel de desempeño de la prueba, con una sensibilidad de 81,0% y una especificidad de 96,6%. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el estuche Detect™ es un instrumento prometedor para la investigación y el seguimiento de las regiones donde se realiza un tratamiento masivo de la filariasis linfática.

Avaliação do kit Filaria DetectTM IgG4 produzido com o antígeno recombinante Wb123 para diagnóstico da filariose linfática no Brasil

[RESUMO]. O Plano Global de Eliminação da Filariose Linfática, lançado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2000, propõe o uso de testes de detecção de antígeno circulante filarial como ferramenta diagnóstica para avaliação e monitoramento das ações de controle da parasitose. Entretanto, esses testes, apesar de apresentarem alta sensibilidade, não conseguem detectar com eficiência a infecção em seu estágio inicial, quando ainda não existe a presença de helmintos adultos. Considerando essa limitação, a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-filariais tem sido apontada como uma alternativa, uma vez que os anticorpos produzidos contra as larvas infectantes do parasito são detectados antes da presença de antígeno circulante filarial. O objetivo deste estudo foi definir o ponto de corte e avaliar a acurácia do kit Filaria DetectTM IgG4 produzido com o antígeno recombinante Wb123 para diagnóstico da filariose linfática no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de avaliação de teste diagnóstico, no qual foram utilizadas 256 amostras de soro: 79 (30,9%) obtidas de indivíduos microfilarêmicos e 177 (60,1%), de indivíduos amicrofilarêmicos e que testaram negativo para os testes imunológicos Bm14 CELISA e Og4C3 ELISA. A definição do ponto de corte ideal, bem como da acurácia do kit Filaria DetectTM IgG4, foi obtida através da construção de curvas ROC, sendo a densidade óptica de 0,239 aquela na qual o teste obteve melhor desempenho, com sensibilidade de 81,0% e especificidade de 96,6%. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o kit Filaria DetectTM IgG4 é uma ferramenta promissora para investigação e monitoramento de áreas submetidas ao tratamento em massa para filariose linfática.

[ABSTRACT]. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, launched by the World Health Organization in the year 2000, proposes the use of circulating filarial antigen tests as a diagnostic tool to assess and monitor initiatives to control filarial infection. However, despite a high sensitivity, these tests are not efficient to detect infection at early stages, before worms have reached the adult stage. Considering this limitation, anti-filarial antibody testing has been suggested as an alternative, given that the antibodies produced against the larvae are detectable before the presence of circulating filarial antigen. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic cut-off and the accuracy of the Filaria DetectTM IgG4 kit employing recombinant Wb123 antigen for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in Brazil. For that, we performed a diagnostic evaluation study in which 256 serum samples were analyzed: 79 (30.9%) obtained from microfilaremic individuals and 177 (60.1%) from amicrofilaremic individuals who tested negative with the Bm14 CELISA and Og4C3 ELISA immunologic tests. The ideal cutoff as well as the Filaria DetectTM IgG4 kit accuracy were determined based on ROC curve analyses, with an optical density of 0.239 identified as the cutoff with the best performance, with 81.0% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity. The results show that the Filaria DetectTM IgG4 kit is a promising tool for investigation and monitoring of areas undergoing mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis.

[RESUMEN]. En el programa mundial de eliminación de la filariasis linfática, puesto en marcha por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en el año 2000, se propone el uso de pruebas de detección del antígeno filárico circulante como instrumento de diagnóstico para la evaluación y el seguimiento de las medidas de control de la parasitosis. Sin embargo, esas pruebas, a pesar de tener un alto grado de sensibilidad, no permiten detectar con eficiencia la infección en su fase inicial, cuando todavía no existen helmintos adultos. En vista de esa limitación, se ha señalado como una opción el estudio de anticuerpos antifiláricos, puesto que los anticuerpos producidos contra las larvas infectantes del parásito se detectan antes de la existencia de antígeno filárico circulante. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir el punto de corte y evaluar la exactitud del estuche DetectTM para pruebas de anticuerpos antifiláricos IgG4, fabricado con el antígeno recombinante Wb123, para el diagnóstico de la filariasis linfática en Brasil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la prueba diagnóstica, en el cual se utilizaron 256 muestras de suero, a saber, 79 (30,9%) obtenidas de personas microfilarémicas y 177 (60,1%) de personas amicrofilarémicas, que arrojaron resultados seronegativos en las pruebas inmunológicas CELISA Bm14 y ELISA Og4C3. La definición del punto de corte ideal y de la exactitud del estuche DetectTM se obtuvo con la construcción de curvas de la característica operativa del receptor (ROC); una densidad óptica de 0,239 marcó el mejor nivel de desempeño de la prueba, con una sensibilidad de 81,0% y una especificidad de 96,6%. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el estuche DetectTM es un instrumento prometedor para la investigación y el seguimiento de las regiones donde se realiza un tratamiento masivo de la filariasis linfática.

Direito de família e psicanálise: uma abordagem da alienação parental a partir das fórmulas quânticas da sexuação / Family law and psychoanalysis: an approach to parental alienation based on the quantic formulas of sexuation / Droit de la famille et psychanalyse : une approche de l'aliénation parentale à partir des formules quantiques de sexuation / Derecho de familia y psicoanálisis: un abordaje de la alienación parental desde las fórmulas cuánticas de la sexuación

O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar a contribuição da psicanálise, em especial a partir das fórmulas quânticas da sexuação, para o debate dos problemas de gênero articulado ao tema da alienação parental e, de modo geral, para os impasses provocados pela judicialização das relações familiares. Para tanto, é feita a revisão bibliográfica de autores que demonstram as articulações e as diferenças entre o método e o discurso da psicanálise, de um lado e de outro, o direito de família. Conclui-se que a psicanálise lança luz sobre a tendência do direito, regido pelo universal do gozo fálico, em repudiar a alteridade e a singularidade inscrito no campo do gozo Outro ou gozo feminino.

Based on the quantic formulas of sexuation, this article describes the contribution of psychoanalysis to the debate of gender issues related to the subject of parental alienation and, in general, to the impasses caused by the judicialization of family relationships. To this end, we perform a literature review of authors who show the relations and differences between the method and the discourse of psychoanalysis on the one hand and, on the other hand, family law. We conclude that psychoanalysis clarifies the tendency of law, governed by the universal of phallic jouissance, to repudiate alterity and singularity inscribed in the field of Other jouissance or feminine jouissance.

L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer l'apport de la psychanalyse, notamment à partir des formules quantiques de la sexuation, au débat des problèmes de genre associé au thème de l'aliénation parentale et, en général, aux impasses provoquées par la judiciarisation des relations familiales. On propose une révision bibliographique des auteurs montrant les articulations et les différences entre la méthode et le discours de la psychanalyse d'un côté et, de l'autre, le droit de la famille. Pour conclure, on affirme que la psychanalyse éclaire la tendance du droit, régi par l'universel de la jouissance phallique, à rejeter l'altérité et la singularité inscrites dans le champ de la jouissance de l'Autre, soit la jouissance féminine.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar la contribución del psicoanálisis, especialmente desde las fórmulas cuánticas de la sexuación, al debate de los problemas de género articulados al tema de la alienación parental y, en general, a los sinsabores causados por la judicialización de las relaciones familiares. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de autores que, por un lado, exponen las articulaciones y las diferencias entre el método y el discurso del psicoanálisis, y, por otro lado, el derecho de familia. Se concluye que el psicoanálisis arroja luz sobre la tendencia del derecho, gobernada por lo universal del goce fálico, al repudiar la alteridad y la singularidad inscritas en el campo del goce del Otro o del goce femenino.

Avaliação do kit Filaria Deteção; IgG4 produzido com o antígeno recombinante Wb123 para diagnóstico da filariose linfática no Brasil / Evaluation of the Filaria Detection; IgG4 kit employing recombinant Wb123 antigen for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in Brazil / Evaluación de pruebas de anticuerpos antifiláricos IgG4, fabricado con el antígeno recombinante Wb123, para el diagnóstico de la filariasis linfática en Brasil

RESUMO O Plano Global de Eliminação da Filariose Linfática, lançado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2000, propõe o uso de testes de detecção de antígeno circulante filarial como ferramenta diagnóstica para avaliação e monitoramento das ações de controle da parasitose. Entretanto, esses testes, apesar de apresentarem alta sensibilidade, não conseguem detectar com eficiência a infecção em seu estágio inicial, quando ainda não existe a presença de helmintos adultos. Considerando essa limitação, a pesquisa de anticorpos antifilariais tem sido apontada como uma alternativa, uma vez que os anticorpos produzidos contra as larvas infectantes do parasito são detectados antes da presença de antígeno circulante filarial. O objetivo deste estudo foi definir o ponto de corte e avaliar a acurácia do kit Filaria Detect™ IgG4 produzido com o antígeno recombinante Wb123 para diagnóstico da filariose linfática no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de avaliação de teste diagnóstico, no qual foram utilizadas 256 amostras de soro: 79 (30,9%) obtidas de indivíduos microfilarêmicos e 177 (60,1%), de indivíduos amicrofilarêmicos e que testaram negativo para os testes imunológicos Bm14 CELISA e Og4C3 ELISA. A definição do ponto de corte ideal, bem como da acurácia do kit Filaria Detect™ IgG4, foi obtida através da construção de curvas ROC, sendo a densidade óptica de 0,239 aquela na qual o teste obteve melhor desempenho, com sensibilidade de 81,0% e especificidade de 96,6%. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o kit Filaria Detect™ IgG4 é uma ferramenta promissora para investigação e monitoramento de áreas submetidas ao tratamento em massa para filariose linfática.

ABSTRACT The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, launched by the World Health Organization in the year 2000, proposes the use of circulating filarial antigen tests as a diagnostic tool to assess and monitor initiatives to control filarial infection. However, despite a high sensitivity, these tests are not efficient to detect infection at early stages, before worms have reached the adult stage. Considering this limitation, anti-filarial antibody testing has been suggested as an alternative, given that the antibodies produced against the larvae are detectable before the presence of circulating filarial antigen. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic cut-off and the accuracy of the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit employing recombinant Wb123 antigen for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in Brazil. For that, we performed a diagnostic evaluation study in which 256 serum samples were analyzed: 79 (30.9%) obtained from microfilaremic individuals and 177 (60.1%) from amicrofilaremic individuals who tested negative with the Bm14 CELISA and Og4C3 ELISA immunologic tests. The ideal cutoff as well as the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit accuracy were determined based on ROC curve analyses, with an optical density of 0.239 identified as the cutoff with the best performance, with 81.0% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity. The results show that the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 kit is a promising tool for investigation and monitoring of areas undergoing mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis.

RESUMEN En el programa mundial de eliminación de la filariasis linfática, puesto en marcha por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en el año 2000, se propone el uso de pruebas de detección del antígeno filárico circulante como instrumento de diagnóstico para la evaluación y el seguimiento de las medidas de control de la parasitosis. Sin embargo, esas pruebas, a pesar de tener un alto grado de sensibilidad, no permiten detectar con eficiencia la infección en su fase inicial, cuando todavía no existen helmintos adultos. En vista de esa limitación, se ha señalado como una opción el estudio de anticuerpos antifiláricos, puesto que los anticuerpos producidos contra las larvas infectantes del parásito se detectan antes de la existencia de antígeno filárico circulante. El objetivo de este estudio fue definir el punto de corte y evaluar la exactitud del estuche Detect™ para pruebas de anticuerpos antifiláricos IgG4, fabricado con el antígeno recombinante Wb123, para el diagnóstico de la filariasis linfática en Brasil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de evaluación de la prueba diagnóstica, en el cual se utilizaron 256 muestras de suero, a saber, 79 (30,9%) obtenidas de personas microfilarémicas y 177 (60,1%) de personas amicrofilarémicas, que arrojaron resultados seronegativos en las pruebas inmunológicas CELISA Bm14 y ELISA Og4C3. La definición del punto de corte ideal y de la exactitud del estuche Detect™ se obtuvo con la construcción de curvas de la característica operativa del receptor (ROC); una densidad óptica de 0,239 marcó el mejor nivel de desempeño de la prueba, con una sensibilidad de 81,0% y una especificidad de 96,6%. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el estuche Detect™ es un instrumento prometedor para la investigación y el seguimiento de las regiones donde se realiza un tratamiento masivo de la filariasis linfática.

Trauma and generational psychic transmission / Trauma e a transmissão psíquica geracional

RESUMO: O estudo da noção de trauma é central para a teoria e a clínica psicanalítica desde os seus primórdios. A partir da investigação proposta por Freud a respeito do trauma, foram perfilados caminhos na psicanálise e possíveis desdobramentos para a experiência analítica. Apesar de o tema remeter aos primórdios da psicanálise, o estudo sobre o trauma continua sendo de extrema relevância. Propomos uma articulação entre o trauma e a transmissão, observando que ele não se restringe à geração que o vivenciou, cujos efeitos podem passar para as gerações seguintes.

Abstract: The study of the notion of trauma has been central to psychoanalytic theory and practice since its inception. From the research proposed by Freud on trauma, pathways were outlined in psychoanalysis as well as possible developments for the clinic. Although the theme refers to the beginnings of psychoanalysis itself, the study of trauma remains extremely relevant. We propose a link between the trauma and the transmission, noting that it is not restricted to the generation that experienced it, being able to pass the effects of the traumatic event to the following generations.

The situation of lymphatic filariasis in the municipality of Paulista, Pernambuco, Brazil

Cases of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) have been notified since 1959 in the municipality of Paulista, yet it is still considered an LF-free area. The purpose of this study was to describe the situation of Paulista Health Department. The data were gathered via antigenic surveys carried out in the town, using POC-ICT-AD12 tests. A total of 1,000 individuals, aged 10 and over, were examined in the neighborhoods of Mirueira, Engenho Maranguape, Janga and Maranguape II (250 individuals in each district). Among the individuals evaluated, seven (0,7%) tested positive for antigens using CFA POC-ICT-AD12, 5 out of 250 (2.0%) in the Engenho Maranguape neighborhood and 2 out of 250 (0.8%) in Janga. In this group, one particular individual presented microfilaremia, quantified at 5 Mf/mL. These results suggest that the municipality of Paulista might be a "silent" source of LF continuous transmission, fact that could impact negatively on the goals of the GPELF program meant to provide certification of parasitic disease control and elimination by the year 2022

Effectiveness of annual single doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate among bancroftian filariasis infected individuals in an endemic area under mass drug administration in Brazil.

The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has achieved extraordinary success in reducing transmission and preventing morbidity through mass drug administration (MDA) to the population at-risk. Brazil is the only currently using diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) alone for MDA, so an assessment of its effectiveness is needed. We report the trends of filarial markers in a cohort of 175 individuals infected with Wuchereria bancrofti in areas that underwent MDA in the city of Olinda, Northeastern Brazil. The prospective study was conducted between 2007 and 2012 (corresponding to five annual MDA rounds). The quantification of microfilaraemia (QMFF) was assessed by filtration. Circulating filarial antigen (CFA) was detected through immunochromatographic point-of-care test (POCT-ICT) and Og4C3-ELISA whereas antifilarial antibody titres (IgG4) were assessed through Bm14 assay. The CFA and IgG4 titres were measured by Optical Density (OD). The main characteristics at baseline, MDA coverage and the trend of filarial infection markers during follow up were described. The trend of filarial markers in relation to time (years of MDA), sex and age were analysed through Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. The models demonstrated a significant decrease in all markers during MDA. The probability of remaining positive by QMFF and POCT-ICT diminished 70% and 46%, respectively, after each MDA round. There was a significant annual drop in CFA (-0.290 OD) and IgG4 antibodies titres (-0.303 OD). This study provides evidence that MDA with DEC alone can be effective in the elimination of LF in Brazil.

Chiluria in a lymphatic filariasis endemic area.

OBJECTIVE: To establish clinical and laboratory data of individuals presenting chyluria in endemic areas. RESULTS: 75 individuals were studied. The majority were females with an average age of 45 years residing in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. The mean time between the beginning of the presentation of chyluria and the first care service in the Serviço de Referencia Nacional em Filarioses was approximately 5 years. The most frequent urinalysis changes were hematuria (27.6%), leukocytes (21.9%) and proteinuria (10.5%). The Addis test showed mean values of 155.43 E/min/mL of cylinders, 52,892 E/min/mL of erythrocytes and 291,660 E/min/mL of leukocytes. Among recorded cases, proteinuria had a mean value of 1372.80 mg/dL in 24 h, and the presence of lymphocytes in the urine was positive in 68.3%. Among lymphatic filariasis tests, immunochromatography was positive in 16.7%, there was circulating filarial antigen determined by detection of OG4C3 antibodies in 7.7% and microfilaremia in only 1/55.

Impacto da infecção por HTLV-1 nas manifestações clínicas e no tratamento de pacientes com estrongiloidíase / Impact of HTLV-1 infection on clinical presentations and treatment of strongyloidiasis patients

A estrongiloidíase é uma enfermidade que acomete cerca de 100 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. Essa parasitose apresenta alta prevalência e tem maior gravidade clínica entre indivíduos imunossuprimidos, principalmente aqueles portadores do vírus linfotrópico de células T humana tipo 1 (HTLV). Este fato torna a coinfecção por esse vírus em pacientes parasitados por Strongyloides stercoralis um grave problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo teve por objetivo revisar os estudos sobre coinfecção por HTLV/S. stercoralis. Foi realizada busca eletrônica completa de dados disponíveis sobre a coinfecção entre o vírus e S. stercoralis. As publicações foram capturadas a partir das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores "vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1", "HTLV-1", "S. stercoralis" e "estrongiloidiase". A infecção por HTLV em pacientes parasitados representa fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de estrongiloidíase grave e, nesses indivíduos, o tratamento recomendado deve ser realizado e monitorado para garantir o sucesso terapêutico.(AU)

Strongyloidiasis is a disease that affects approximately 100 million people worldwide. This parasitosis is highly prevalent and more clinically severe among immunosuppressed individuals, particularly those with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). This fact makes the co-infection with this virus in patients parasitized by Strongyloides stercoralis a serious public health problem. The present study aimed at reviewing the studies of co-infection with HTLV/S. stercoralis. A complete electronic search for available data about the co-infection of the virusand S. stercoralis was performed. The publications were obtained from the databases PubMed and SciELO, with the following descriptors being used: "Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1, "HTLV-1", S. stercoralis, and "strongyloidiasis". The infection with HTLV in infected patients is a risk factor for the development of severe strongyloidiasis, and for these individuals the recommended treatment should be performed and monitored to ensure therapeutic success.(AU)

Use of complex decongestive therapy with low cost material in a patient with lymphedema living in an endemic area for filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis affects millions of people around the world and may have disabling consequences. Lymphedema stands out as a chronic manifestation in patients with this disease, affecting the lower limbs and limiting motor function. This study aimed to propose a treatment protocol to decrease lower limb lymphedema of treated patients and to show the efficacy of Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT) as an auxiliary resource for this condition. This is a case study of a patient treated with CDT, making use of compression methods with alternative materials and instructions for asepsis during 10 weeks. The results demonstrated that this treatment reduced lymphedema in the right lower limb of the patient from grade V to grade III, with areas of measurement reduction of up to 41%. In addition, acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) manifestations stopped in the treated patient. CDT associated with low-cost compression material, has been shown to be effective in reducing lower limb lymphedema and ADLA crises, as well as in promoting improved locomotion and performance of daily activities by the patient

Entrelaçamento entre nominação e lei jurídica: apontamentos sobre a mudança de nome civil por transgêneros / Interlacing between nomination and legal law: notes on the change of civil name by transgenders / Entrelazamiento entre nombramiento y ley jurídica: apuntes sobre el cambio de nombre civil por transgéneros / Nouage entre la nomination et la loi juridique: notes sur le changement de nom par des personnes transgenres

A demanda de pessoas transgêneras por alteração judicial do nome civil tem sido cada vez mais frequente, sendo os casos comumente encaminhados pelos juízes à avaliação psicológica antes de as decisões serem tomadas. Uma vez orientado por uma escuta analítica, o dispositivo da avaliação lança alguma luz sobre a articulação da nominação com o campo jurídico. A partir de um fragmento de caso, defendo a hipótese de que a mudança de nome civil é a resposta que o sujeito busca para se situar em dada posição sexuada. A mudança do prenome lhe proporciona o suporte simbólico que o singulariza e ao mesmo tempo representa-o para o Outro. Para tanto, não se pode perder de vista a diferença entre sujeito do enunciado e sujeito da enunciação, assim como entre lei jurídica e lei simbólica.(AU)

The demand from transgender people for judicial change of the civil name has been increasingly frequent, and those cases are usually referred by the judges to a psychological evaluation before making their decisions. Once guided by analyti-cal listening, the evaluation device sheds some light on the articulation of the no-mination with the legal field. From a case fragment, I defend the hypothesis that the change of civil name is the response that the subject seeks to place themselves in a given sexed position. The change of the name gives the subject the symbolic support that singularizes it and at the same time represents it to the Other. For this, one cannot lose sight of the difference between subject of statement and sub-ject of enunciation, as well as between legal law and symbolic law.(AU)

La demanda de personas transgéneras por alteración judicial del nombre civil es cada vez más frecuente. Los casos suelen ser encaminados por los jueces a la evaluación psicológica antes de la tomada de decisión. Una vez orientado por una escucha analítica, el dispositivo de la evaluación arroja alguna luz sobre la ar-ticulación del nombramiento con el campo jurídico. A partir de un fragmento de caso, el artículo defiende la hipótesis de que el cambio de nombre civil es la respuesta que el sujeto busca para situarse en determinada posición sexuada. El cambio de nombre proporciona al sujeto el soporte simbólico que lo singulariza y al mismo tiempo lo representa para el Otro. Para ello, no se puede perder de vista la diferencia entre sujeto del enunciado y sujeto de la enunciación, así como entre ley jurídica y ley simbólica.(AU)

La demande de personnes transgenres pour le changement de leur nom est de plus en plus fréquente, ces cas étant habituellement renvoyés par les juges à une évalua-tion psychologique, avant que ceux-ci prennent leurs décisions. Une fois guidé parl’écoute analytique, le dispositif d’évaluation met en lumière l’articulation de la no-mination avec le domaine juridique. À partir d’un fragment de cas, l’article soutient l’hypothèse selon laquelle le changement de nom est la réponse que le sujet cher-che pour se placer dans une position sexuée donnée. Le changement de prénom lui donne le support symbolique, ce qui le singularise et en même temps le représente pour l’Autre. On ne peut pas perdre de vue la différence entre le sujet de l’énoncé et le sujet de l’énonciation, ainsi que celle entre la loi juridique et la loi symbolique.(AU)

Thrombocytopenic purpuraafter Influenza A H1N1 vaccine

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is probably a disease with autoimmune etiology, defined as an isolated thrombocytopenia not associated with any clinical condition. Other causes related to thrombocytopenia are: HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus and druginduced thrombocytopenia. In this report we describe a case of ITP developed after vaccination against influenza A H1N1 in a 64-year-old female patient, hypertensive, offset and in use of antihypertensives, with no history of ITP, after review of clinical history and laboratory tests. The patient's physical examination revealed pallor, ecchymosis in the trunk, limbs and oral mucosa, with bleeding gums. Absence of adenomegaly and palpable splenomegaly, fever or other signs and symptoms of relevance. The blood count and bone marrow examination showed severe thrombocytopenia with platelet count of 7,000/µL and hypercellularity of the megakaryocytic series (other series were normal), respectively. A transfusion of concentrate platelet was performed and after treatment with specific poly immunoglobulin (IVIG) and corticoids, the patient showed clinical improvement and laboratory indexes were normalized. ITP after vaccine against influenza A H1N1 is a rare event whose causal relationship is difficult to prove, and the diagnosis is based on exclusion of other possible etiologies.

Neglected tropical diseases in Brazilian children and adolescents: data analysis from 2009 to 2013.

BACKGROUND: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) prevail in conditions of poverty and contribute to the maintenance of social inequality. Out of the NTDs prioritized by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, four parasitic infections require mandatory notification: acute Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, and schistosomiasis. Data on the behaviour of these NTDs in the young population are currently limited. This study seeks to analyse the epidemiological aspects of these parasitic infections in children and adolescents in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective exploratory ecological study was conducted. A spatial analysis of the cases reported between 2009 and 2013 in individuals aged between 0 and 19 years that were notified through the Health Notification Aggravation Information System (SINAN) was performed. RESULTS: In total, 64,567 cases of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, schistosomiasis, and acute Chagas disease were recorded in the SINAN database, representing a rate of 20.15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The average age of the cases was 12.2 years and 62.32% were male. Four hundred and three deaths related to these obligatorily reported parasites were recorded, indicating a case fatality rate of 0.62%. Visceral leishmaniasis and acute Chagas disease had the highest rates of lethality. A heterogeneous spatial distribution of the studied parasites was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The number of cases and the lethality rate described in this study show that these diseases still represent a serious problem for public health in Brazil. This points to the need to encourage new research and the reformulation of social, economic, and public health policies aimed at ensuring better health and living conditions for all individuals, especially those among the populations considered vulnerable, as is the case of the young.

Screening and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis in immigrants from endemic countries residing in a focus where it is considered eliminated in the Southern Region of Brazil: A risk of reemergence?

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been targeted by the World Health Organization for elimination by the year 2020. However, migration of infected individuals from areas where LF is endemic to areas considered non-endemic or foci for the control and elimination may jeopardize the achievement of this goal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of filarial infection by way of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) circulation using the point of care AD12-immunochromatography card (POC-ICT) among immigrants from Haiti residing in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, between May and October 2015. Of the 420 subjects examined, 77.4% were male, aged 19-54 years. Ten (2.38%) were POC-ICT positive. Of this total, one was not found. Two individuals were negative for Og4C3-ELISA and DNA/Wb-PCR in all biological samples, but positive for the anti-filarial antibody Bm14 and only one showed microfilaremia (1mf/mL). These findings point to the importance of the Brazilian surveillance action to reduce the possibility of reintroduction of LF in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, by infected immigrants, and to guarantee the success of the National LF Elimination Plan.

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding lymphatic filariasis: study on systematic noncompliance with mass drug administration.

The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, antigenic profile, perceptions, attitudes and practices of individuals who have been systematically non-compliant in mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns targeting lymphatic filariasis, in the municipality of Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioenvironmental demographics, perceptions of lymphatic filariasis and MDA, and reasons for systematic noncompliance with treatment. A rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed during the survey to screen for filariasis. It was found that the survey subjects knew about filariasis and MDA. Filariasis was identified as a disease (86.2%) and 74.4% associated it with the presence of swelling in the legs. About 80% knew about MDA, and the main source of information was healthcare workers (68.3%). For men the main reasons for systematic noncompliance with MDA were that "the individual had not received the medication" (p=0.03) and for women "the individual either feared experiencing adverse reactions". According to the ICT, the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis was 2%. The most important causes of systematic noncompliance were not receiving the drug and fear of side-effects. For successful implementation of MDA programs, good planning, educational campaigns promoting the benefits of MDA, adoption of measures to minimize the impact of adverse effects and improvement of drug distribution logistics are needed.